How Bonding Curves Work

Streamlock uses an automated market maker (AMM) with a constant-product bonding curve to determine token prices.


What is a Bonding Curve?

A bonding curve is a mathematical formula that automatically sets the price of a token based on its supply. Instead of relying on order books or market makers, the price is determined algorithmically.

Key principle: As more tokens are bought, the price goes up. As tokens are sold, the price goes down.


The Constant Product Formula

Streamlock uses the x * y = k formula (also known as constant-product):

SOL_reserves × Token_reserves = constant

This means:

  • When you buy tokens, you add SOL to the pool and remove tokens

  • The constant (k) must stay the same

  • This automatically increases the price per token


Example

Imagine a pool starts with:

  • 100 SOL

  • 1,000,000 tokens

  • k = 100 × 1,000,000 = 100,000,000

You buy tokens with 10 SOL:

  1. Pool now has 110 SOL

  2. To maintain k: 110 × new_tokens = 100,000,000

  3. New token amount: 909,091 tokens

  4. You receive: 1,000,000 - 909,091 = 90,909 tokens

The price per token increased because the same constant (k) now applies to more SOL and fewer tokens.


Why This Matters for You

Predictable Pricing

  • No waiting for someone to fill your order

  • Price is determined instantly by the formula

  • Large buys/sells have more price impact (slippage)

Always Liquid

  • The pool always has both SOL and tokens

  • You can always buy or sell (within limits)

  • No need for counterparties

Price Discovery

  • The market naturally finds equilibrium

  • High demand → price rises

  • Low demand → price falls


Slippage

When you trade, the price changes during your transaction. This difference between expected and actual price is called slippage.

  • Small trades: Minimal slippage

  • Large trades: Significant slippage

Streamlock shows you expected slippage before you confirm any trade.


Throughput Caps

To prevent single actors from manipulating prices, Streamlock has epoch-based throughput caps:

Action
Cap per 5-minute window

Buying

2% of total token supply

Selling

Configurable per pool (e.g. % of initial SOL liquidity)

If you exceed the cap, your transaction will be split or require waiting for the next epoch.


How This Connects to Price Targets

The bonding curve determines the current market price. Your tokens unlock based on how this price compares to your target price.

Learn more in Target Price & Unlocks.

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